Resumo O peixe-zebra (Danio rerio) é um peixe tropical amplamente usado em pesquisas em todo o mundo. Devido ao seu uso emergente em várias áreas de pesquisa, o desenvolvimento de animais geneticamente modificados e o aumento das instalações de peixe-zebra, novos desafos éticos surgem na pesquisa com o peixe-zebra. Além disso, é necessária a conscientização da comunidade científica sobre as normas éticas e leis vigentes na pesquisa com animais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever os princípios éticos de 10 Rs usando o peixe-zebra como sistema modelo em pesquisa. Os 3 Rs clássicos relativos ao bem-estar animal (substituição, redução e refinamento) e 7 Rs adicionais relacionados aos princípios científicos (registro, relatório, robustez, reprodutibilidade e relevância) e de conduta (responsabilidade e respeito) na pesquisa do peixe-zebra são apresentados e discutido criticamente. Recomendamos o uso desses 10 Rs pelos pesquisadores, instituições e Comitê de Ética Animal na regulamentação, decisão e promoção da saúde e bem-estar do peixe-zebra em pesquisas.

Abstract Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical fish species widely used in research, worldwide. The development of genetically modified animals and the increasing number of zebrafish breeding facilities due to their emerging use in several research fields, opened room for new ethical challenges for research carried out with this species. It is necessary to raise the scientific community’s awareness of the ethical standards and laws in force, on animal research. Thus, the aim of the current study is to describe 10 Rs ethical principles by using zebrafish as model system in research. The classical 3 Rs concerning animal welfare, namely replacement, reduction and refinement; and the added 7 Rs related to scientific (registration, reporting, robustness, reproducibility and relevance) and conduct principles (responsibility, and respect) in zebrafish research are herein presented and critically discussed. The use of these 10 Rs by researchers, institutions and the Animal Ethics Committee is recommended to support regulations, decision-making about and the promotion of zebrafish health and welfare in research.

Abstract The reproductive system has a fundamental role in population dynamics and several reproduction strategies have been shaped by the environment over time. Many environmental pressures are generated by releasing pollutants, as endocrine disruptors, that can affect the reproductive system of individuals, among them invertebrates. The freshwater snails Biomphalaria spp. are used as biomonitor in several ecotoxicological studies; however, there are few studies about gametogenesis and morphology of reproductive snail cells, which could be used as a new biomarker. In this sense, the current study aims to characterize Biomphalaria glabrata gametogenesis, bringing new histomorphometric parameters for germinative cells. Results showed that the hermaphrodite tissue is formed by several acini with simple pavement epithelium with germinative and somatic cells. Oogenesis was classified into five developmental stages (OI to OV) according to diameter, nucleus area, total area, and follicular cell development, and then classified into previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes. The spermatogenesis was classified into spermatogonia (Spg), spermatocytes (Spc) and spermatids that were subdivided into five stages (Spt I to Spt V) according to cytoplasm losing, and nucleus spiralization along with Sertoli cells development. Thus, the present study highlights the gametogenesis of B. glabrata with new histomorphometric parameters, which can be an important tool for ecotoxicological and molluscicidal developmental further studies.

Este estudo foi desenvolvido, visando analisar a histologia do ovário e quantificar as proteínas totais na hemolinfa de fêmeas deRhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus tratadas com extrato hexânico de frutos verdes deMelia azedarach. Oito fêmeas ingurgitadas foram tratadas por imersão com o extrato na concentração de 0,25%, e oito com água contendo 5% de acetona (controle). As fêmeas foram dissecadas 72 horas após o tratamento e os ovários foram pesados e submetidos a técnicas histológicas padrões. A concentração total de proteína foi mensurada na hemolinfa de 200 fêmeas, sendo 100 tratadas como descrito anteriormente e 100 como controle. Foi observada redução do peso dos ovários, predomínio de ovócitos imaturos e houve diminuição nos diâmetros do citoplasma e da vesícula germinal dos ovócitos do grupo tratado em comparação ao controle. A concentração de proteína na hemolinfa foi mais alta no grupo tratado que no controle. As alterações morfológicas observadas nos ovários tratados foram a presença de vacuolizações, alteração da morfologia dos ovócitos que mudaram de redondos para alongados, deformação do córion e desorganização dos grânulos de vitelo. Estes resultados demonstram a ação do extrato de M. azedarach na ovogênese de R.(B.) microplus.

This study aimed to analyze ovary histology and quantify total protein in the hemolymph of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus females treated with hexane extracts from green fruits of Melia azedarach. Eight engorged females were immersed in the extract at 0.25% concentration, and eight in water containing 5% acetone (control). The females were dissected 72 hours after treatment, and the ovaries were weighed and subjected to standard histological techniques. The total protein concentration was measured in the hemolymph of 200 females, of which 100 were treated as described above and 100 served as a control. In the treated group, ovary weight reduction and predominance of immature oocytes were observed. In addition, there were decreases in the diameters of the cytoplasm and germ vesicle of the oocytes in the treated group, compared with the controls. The protein concentration in the hemolymph was higher in the treated group than in the controls. The morphological changes observed in the treated ovaries included: presence of vacuolization; alteration of oocyte morphology, which changed from rounded to elongated; deformation of the chorion; and disorganization of the yolk granules. These results demonstrate the action ofM. azedarach fruit extracts on R.(B.) microplus oogenesis.

A inclusão de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE's) no sistema regular de ensino é hoje a diretriz principal das políticas públicas educacionais tanto a nível federal, quanto estadual e municipal. Entretanto, os licenciados egressos das instituições de Ensino Superior estão verdadeiramente preparados para o atendimento adequado aos portadores de NEE's? Foi no sentido de responder este questionamento que demos início ao desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, que analisou as opiniões de acadêmicos dos cursos de Física, Química e Biologia - Licenciaturas, do segundo e do último período de cada curso, a fim de observar qual o pensamento dos mesmos em relação à inclusão educacional e à ausência de disciplinas desta área nos cursos de licenciatura nas universidades públicas federais.

The inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) in the regular education system is today the main guideline for public policies on education at federal, state and municipal levels. However, are graduate students from higher education institutions actually prepared to provide adequate care for people with SEN? To answer this question we investigated the views of students in the second and last terms from Physics, Chemistry and Biology undergraduate programs to determine their perception on inclusive education and the lack of courses in the field in federal universities undergraduate programs.